Yuma (Quechan)
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FOUR DIRECTIONS
INSTITUTE Yuma (Quechan) |
| Ethnie: | YUMA (QUECHAN) |
| Language: | River Yuman |
| Family: | Yuman |
| Stock: | Western Hokan |
| Phylum: | Hokan |
| Macro-Culture: | Dream |
| x |
| The Yuma were a sedentary bellicose hunter/farmer tribe. They occupied both sides of the Colorado River from just below the junction of the Gila to within 50 miles of the mouth. They preyed on all of their neighbors, and had conflicts with their closest relatives, the Mojave. They had little interest in horses except for food and traveled great distances over desert on foot. Their militant disposition deterred early White immigration across the Colorado River. |
| Aboriginal Locations |
| Villages: AZ Ahakwedehor, Huksil; CA Avikwotapai, Kwerav; MX Unnamed town |
| Present Locations |
| COLORADO RIVER RESERVATION, CA & AZ, FORT, Parker, AZ |
| YUMA RESERVATION, CA & AZ; Ft. Yuma, CA |
| Year | History |
| 1540 | Visited by Hernando de Alarcón |
| 1701 | First mentioned by Fr. Kino |
| 1771 | Visited by Garcés; later killed 34 Spaniards including Garcés |
| 1774 | Visited by Anza |
| 1776 | Salvador Palma, tribal leader, visited Mexico City |
| 1781 | Spanish settlement in territory soon destroyed, several including priests killed |
| 1812 | Aided Cahuilla and Serrano in revolt against missions |
| 1851 | Yuma-Mojave uprising |
| 1852 | Fort Yuma established by US Army |
| 1884 | Reservation established |
| 1893 | Forced into auction much of land |
| 1912 | Reservation size set at 10 acres per person |
| 1978 | 25,000 acres restored to tribe, reversing 1893 action |
| Year | Total Population | California Estimate | Source |
| 1700 | 4,000 | Forbes estimate | |
| 1700 | 4,000 | 2,000 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1774 | 3,500 | Per Anza | |
| 1775 | 3,000 | Garces estimate | |
| 1800 | 2,900 | 2,800 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1852 | 2,750 | Bee | |
| 1872 | 2,000 | Bee | |
| 1900 | 700 | 350 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1910 | 655 | U. S. Indian Office | |
| 1910 | 834 | Census | |
| 1923 | 826 | U. S. Indian Office | |
| 1937 | 848 | U. S. Indian Office | |
| 1963 | 1,544 | Tribal roll | |
| 1981 | 3,584 | BIA (including Chemehuevi) | |
| 2000 | 4,000 | 3,900 | NAHDB calculation |
| Other speakers of the same language: |
| Halchidhoma, Maricopa, Mojave |
| Yuma Sites: |
| Establishments of the Sisters of St. Joseph ... http://dizzy.library.arizona.edu/carondelet/thesis/chap_6.html |
| Fort Yuma - Quechan Tribe http://www.primenet.com/~itca/Tribes/quechan.htm |
| Quechan Indians ... History http://www.yuma.army.mil/public-affairs/quechan.html |
| Yuma http://www.anthro.mankato.msus.edu/cultural/northamerica/yuma.html |
| Yuma - ES Curtis http://www.curtis-collection.com/tribe%20data/yuma.html |
Copyright © 2000 by Four Directions Institute