102 Xit

The ethnies with transition cultures were typically small in population and lived in marginal territories. The exception to this is that the Esselen and Salinan lived in bountiful territories, albeit their populations were relatively small. The Esselen apparently lost large tracts of land to the Costanoans just prior to White arrival, as possibly did the Salinans. The Achomawi and Atsugewi were constant victims of slaving raids from the north, as were the Kawaiisu and Tubatulabl from the Mojave and Yumans. It can therefore be concluded that the transition culture ethnies were by no means typically dominant in nature, and indeed were chronic victims. Comparable stress was not experienced by any of the non-transition culture ethnies in California except for the Washoe upon whom the Northern Paiute were predatory.

Populations	Year 1700	Year 1800	Year 1900	Year 2000
Achomawi	3,000	3,000	1,300	1,500
Atsugewi	300	300	50	50
Esselen	750	500	50	50
Kawaiisu	500	400	150	50
Salinan	2,000	1,800	50	50
Tubatulabal	1,000	1,000	100	100

Total Transition Cultures	7,550	7,000	1,700	1,800

Return to Class Main Page	*Module 1: Glossary*	*Module 2: Education*	*Module 3: Literatures*	*Module 4: Cultures*

*Module 5: History*	*Module 6: Today*	*Module 7: Curriculum*	Module 8: Seminar	*Exit class*

Ethnies	Achomawi, Atsugewi, Esselen, Kawaiisu, Salinan, Tubatulabl
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