Tolowa
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FOUR DIRECTIONS
INSTITUTE Tolowa |
| Ethnie: | TOLOWA |
| Language: | Tolawan |
| Family: | Pacific Coast Athapaskan |
| Stock: | Athapaskan |
| Phylum: | Na-Dene |
| Macro-Culture: | Northwestern California |
| x |
| The Tolowa were a sedentary coastal hunter/gatherer tribe that relied heavily on fishing. The Pacific Coast Athapaskans arrived in the area late in the first millennium from Canada. The Tolowa were located on Crescent Bay, Lake Earl and the Smith River. They suffered from the White influx. |
| Aboriginal Locations |
| 8 to 10 villages |
| Present Locations |
| ELK VALLEY RANCHERIA, Crescent City |
| SMITH RIVER RANCHERIA, Smith River |
| Year | History |
| 1775 | Bodega visited Trinidad Bay, but did not meet Tolowa |
| 1793 | Capt. George Vancouver visited Trinidad Bay and did not meet tribe, but may have caused Cholera epidemic which spread to Tolowa |
| 1828 | First White contact with Jedediah Smith |
| 1850 | Decade of measles and cholera epidemics as White settlers and miners encroached into territory |
| 1872 | Began practice of Ghost Dance |
| 1929 | Introduction of Indian Shaker movement |
| Year | Population | Source |
| 1700 | 450 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1770 | 450 | Kroeber estimate |
| 1800 | 450 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1848 | 450 | Cook estimate |
| 1852 | 450 | Cook estimate |
| 1880 | 200 | Cook estimate |
| 1900 | 150 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1910 | 121 | Census |
| 2000 | 200 | NAHDB calculation |
| Other speakers of the same language: |
| None |
| Tolowa Sites |
| Elk Valley Tribe http://www.elkvalleycasino.com/tribe.html |
| The Flood and the Theft of Fire http://download.sourceforge.net/mirrors/gutenberg/etext01/mlcal10.txt |
| Gambling Songs of the Tolowa Indians http://www.bluefish.org/gambling.htm |
| Humbolt - Del Norte http://www.cirhm.org/humboldt/index.asp |
| Native Culture of Del Norte County http://www.delnorte.org/~delnorte/native.html |
| The Place of Writing in Preserving Oral Languages http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/RIL_7.html |
| Smith River Rancheria - Our History http://www.lucky7casino.com/history.htm |
| A Tolowa http://www.edwardscurtis.com/ATOLOWA.html |
| Tolowa Open Weave Gathering Basket http://www.manyhandsgallery.net/baskets/bas12.htm |
| Tolowa Woman http://www.fluryco.com/galleries/ca7.htm |
| Tolowa Women http://www.ncidc.org/photos/gallery1/85s11.htm |
| Tolowa/Tututni - ES Curtis http://www.curtis-collection.com/tribe%20data/tolowa.html |
Copyright © 2000 by Four Directions Institute