Serrano
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FOUR DIRECTIONS
INSTITUTE Serrano |
| Ethnie: | SERRANO |
| Language: | Northern Takic |
| Family: | Takic |
| Stock: | Uto-Aztecan |
| Phylum: | Aztec-Tanoan |
| Macro-Culture: | Chungichnich |
| x |
| The Takic peoples arrived in southern California about 2,500 years ago. All were peaceful hunter/gatherer mountain and desert cultures. The Serrano delineation was a result of the Spanish missionization that separated them from the so called Gabrielino and Kitanemuk, with whom they comprised the Northern Takic language group. The Serrano herein include the Vanyume and Alliklik. They ranged throughout the San Bernardino Mountains, as far as the San Gabriel as far west as Mt. San Antonio. Ancestors of the present Serrano may well have ranged south of those mountains from Sierra Madre to the Morongo Valley. They occupied the region of the Mojave River in the high desert to the north. The Serrano had close cultural ties to the Cahuilla, an late, were allies and trading partners with the Chemehuevi and indeed adopted at least one band of that ethnie into their culture. |
| Aboriginal Locations |
| Akavat, Amaha-vit, Atu'aviatam, Kayuwat, Kupacha, Malki, Mara, Maringa, Mawaitum, Muhiatnim, Mukunpat, Nahyu, Palukiktam, Pihatupayam, Tuchahu, Tumunamtu, Turka, Wa'acham, Wakuhi, Yahaviat |
| Present Locations |
| MORONGO RESERVATION, Banning |
| SAN MANUAL RESERVATION, Highland |
| Year | History |
| 1771 | Mission San Gabriel Arcangel founded |
| 1772 | Pedro Fage entered territory |
| 1776 | Garces arrived in territory |
| 1812 | Revolted against missions along with Cahuilla and Yuma |
| 1819 | Asistencia established near Redlands |
| 1821 | Large number indentured to Mexican feudal barons |
| 1834 | Many removed bodily to missions |
| 1840 | Smallpox epidemic |
| 1860 | Smallpox epidemic |
| 1875 | Reservation established |
| 1975 | 100 Claimed descent, per Bean and Smith |
| Year | Population | Source |
| 1700 | 1,500 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1770 | 1,500 | Kroeber estimate |
| 1800 | 1,500 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1900 | 100 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1910 | 118 | Census |
| 1975 | 100 | Claimed descent, per Bean and Smith |
| 2000 | 150 | NAHDB calculation |
| Other speakers of the same language: |
| Gabrielino, Kitanemuk |
| Serrano links: |
| Ft. Mojave Indian Tribe http://www.itcaonline.com/Tribes/mojave.htm |
| History of San Bernardino http://www.co.san-bernardino.ca.us/sbco/history.htm |
| History of the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians http://www.sanmanuel.com/Smbmi.html |
| Indian Uses of Native Plants http://www.cgu.edu/inst/rsa/education/teachers/iu.html |
| Jedediah Smith's Journals Across the Mojave http://www.nps.gov/moja/mojahtjs.htm |
| The Native People of Big Bear Valley http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/activity/bbv/the_serranos.htm |
| Serrano Indians http://rims.k12.ca.us/serrano/index.html |
| Southern California: An Island on the Land http://cogweb.english.ucsb.edu/Chumash/McWilliams.html |
| Sugar and Salt http://www.abotech.com/Articles/Campbell01.htm |
| Trail of the Desert Fan Palm (Serrano lore) http://www.trailwisdom.com/deserts.htm |
Copyright © 2000 by Four Directions Institute