Paiute, Northern
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FOUR DIRECTIONS
INSTITUTE Paiute, Northern |
| Ethnie: | PAIUTE, NORTHERN (PAVIOTSO) |
| Language: | Western Numic |
| Family: | Numic |
| Stock: | Uto-Aztecan |
| Phylum: | Aztec-Tanoan |
| Macro-Culture: | Great Basin |
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| The Northern Paiute were a hunter/gatherer dialectic division comprised of both semi-sedentary and nomadic tribes and family groups. They are closely related to the Bannock and the Lohim of Idaho and Oregon. They ranged over a wide area that included western Nevada, southeastern Oregon, and California east of the Sierra Nevadas except including the Yosemite Valley and as far south as Owens Lake. They were probably earlier driven from northeastern Oregon by Shahaptian tribes and the Cayuse. They had numerous conflicts with the Whites and imposed their power upon the Washoe. |
| Aboriginal Locations |
| Divisions: CA 77, NV 33, OR 13 |
| Present California Locations |
| BIG PINE RESERVATION, Big Pine |
| BISHOP RESERVATION, Bishop |
| CEDARVILLE RANCHERIA, Cedarville |
| COLD SPRINGS RANCHERIA, Tollhouse |
| FORT BIDWELL RESERVATION, Fort Bidwell |
| NORTH FORK RANCHERIA, North Fork |
| SUSANVILLE RANCHERIA, Susanville |
| XL RANCH RESERVATION, Alturas |
| Groups With Recognition Petitions Pending |
| AMERICAN INDIAN COUNCIL OF MARIPOSA COUNTY, (AKA YOSEMITE), Mariposa |
| ANTELOPE VALLEY PAIUTE TRIBE, Coleville |
| DUNLAP BAND OF MONO INDIANS, Dunlap |
| MONO LAKE INDIAN COMMUNITY, Lee Vining |
| NORTH FORK BAND OF MONO INDIANS, North Fork |
| WADATKUHT BAND OF NORTHERN PAIUTES OF HONEY LAKE VALLEY, Susanville |
| WASHOE/PAIUTE OF ANTELOPE VALLEY, Coleville |
| Year | History |
| 1825 | May have been visited by Jedediah Smith or by Old Greenwood earlier |
| 1826 | Visited by Peter Skene Ogden in Oregon |
| 1827 | Jedediah Smith traversed territories from Mono Lake or Ebbett’s Pass CA to Salt Lake |
| 1833 | Joseph Reddeford Walker explored territories, killed 39 of ethnie in battle |
| 1834 | Visited by Russel |
| 1841 | Oregon-California Trail great immigration, clashes with Whites |
| 1849 | Gold rush into California and Nevada |
| 1852 | Lt. Moore discovered gold on Mono Basin |
| 1860 | Acquired arms, severe conflicts began, numerous military posts established; Pyramid Lake War |
| 1866 | Reservation created on Truckee River |
| 1869 | Completion of transcontinental railroad; Northern Paiute Prophet Wodziwob created first Ghost Dance rite as a result of visions |
| 1889 | Northern Paiute Messiah Wovoka introduced Ghost Dance |
| Year | Total Population | California Estimate | Source |
| 1700 | 8,000 | 2,500 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1800 | 8,000 | 2,500 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1845 | 7,500 | Mooney estimate including Southern Paiute | |
| 1873 | 6,500 | U. S. Indian Office | |
| 1900 | 5,500 | 1,000 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1903 | 5,400 | U. S. Indian Office | |
| 1910 | 4,486 | Census | |
| 1930 | 4,304 | Census | |
| 1937 | 4,108 | U.S. Indian Office | |
| 1950 | 4,400 | BIA | |
| 1970 | 3,617 | BIA | |
| 1989 | 3,080 | BIA | |
| 1989 | 12,000 | BIA | |
| 2000 | 13,250 | 3,500 | NAHDB calculation |
| Other speakers of the same language: |
| Bannock, Lohim |
Copyright © 2000 by Four Directions Institute