Modoc
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FOUR DIRECTIONS
INSTITUTE Modoc |
| Ethnie: | MODOC |
| Language: | Lutuamian |
| Family: | Lutuamian |
| Stock: | Shapwailutan |
| Phylum: | Macro-Penutian |
| Macro-Culture: | Transition: Great Basin, Kuksu, Northwest California |
| x |
| The Modoc were a hunter/gatherer tribe. They lived on Little Klamath Lake, Modoc Lake, Tule Lake, Clear Lake, Goose Lake and in the Lost River Valley. The tribe came into contact with Whites at a relatively late period. They had conflicts with the Whites, their closest relatives, the Klamath, and they conducted slaving raids against the Achomawi. They were defeated in the Modoc War at the Lava Beds in California and many were removed to Oklahoma. |
| Aboriginal Locations |
| CA Little Klamath Lake, Lost River, Yule Lake (16 villages); OR Lost River (6 villages) |
| Present Locations |
| OK MODOC TRIBE, Miami |
| OR KLAMATH GENERAL COUNCIL, Chiloquin |
| Year | History |
| 1841 | Influx of Oregon Trail settlers began, conflicts followed |
| 1864 | Ceded lands and retired to Klamath reservation; soon removed due to starvation and tensions with Klamath |
| 1870 | Chief Kintpuash (Captain Jack) led militant band back to California |
| 1871 | Began practice of Ghost Dance |
| 1872 | Attempts to force return to Oregon began Modoc War, Modocs retreated to lava beds for months, finally overrun, Kintpuash and 3 others hanged, 2 sent to Alcatraz, 153 sent to Quapaw Agency in Oklahoma, others to Klamath |
| 1909 | Several Oklahoma Modoc allowed to return to Klamath Agency |
| 1954 | Oklahoma and Oregon Modoc tribes terminated |
| 1978 | Oklahoma Modoc Tribes reinstated |
| Year | Population | Source |
| 1700 | 800 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1780 | 400 | Mooney estimate |
| 1780 | 800 | Kroeber estimate |
| 1800 | 800 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1900 | 300 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1905 | 278 | Official |
| 1910 | 329 | Census |
| 1937 | 329 | U. S. Indian Office |
| 1989 | 102 | BIA |
| 2000 | 500 | NAHDB calculation |
| Other speakers of the same language: |
| Klamath |
| Modoc Sites |
| Kaitchkona Woman - Modoc http://www.powersource.com/gallery/womansp/winema.html |
| Klamath - Modoc Linguistics Page http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~delancey/klamath.html |
| Lost River - The Story of the Modoc Indian War http://www.lost-river-drama.org/ |
| Modoc Medicine http://www10.interaccess.com/bvboard/writing/messages/6679.html |
| Modoc - SFSU Narrative http://bss.sfsu.edu/calstudies/Native%20Web%20Pages/modoc.html |
| Modoc War - Brief History http://www.nps.gov/labe/modoc.htm |
| Modoc War Fortifications http://www.r5.fs.fed.us/heritage/081.HTM |
| Modoc War - Teaching Aide http://education.opb.org/learning/ofg/modoc/ |
| Mowas Brings the Warm Weather - Modoc Myth http://www.dotycoyote.com/noframes/news_trad_nf.html |
Copyright © 2000 by Four Directions Institute