Kitanemuk
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FOUR DIRECTIONS
INSTITUTE Kitanemuk |
| Ethnie: | KITANEMUK |
| Language: | Northern Takic |
| Family: | Takic |
| Stock: | Uto-Aztecan |
| Phylum: | Aztec-Tanoan |
| Macro-Culture: | Chungichnich |
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| The Takic peoples arrived in southern California about 2,500 years ago. All were relatively peaceful hunter/gatherer mountain and desert cultures. The Kitanemuk are closely related to the so called Serrano and Gabrielino. They ranged across the east slope of the San Gabriel Mountains from Tejon Pass to the Antelope Valley and into the Mojave Desert. They were active traders. |
| Aboriginal Locations |
| Villages of Chivutpa-ve, Honewimats, Mavin, Nakwalkie-ve, and Wuwopraha-ve |
| Present Locations |
| Some descendants reside at TULE RIVER RESERVATION, Porterville while others absorbed into the local culture |
| Year | History |
| 1769 | Visited by Garcés; Kitanemuk at war with Serrano (Alliklik) having killed their chief |
| 1771 | Mission San Gabriel de Arcangel founded |
| 1797 | Mission San Fernando Rey Espana founded |
| 1821 | Many indentured to Mexican feudal barons |
| 1840 | Smallpox epidemic |
| 1917 | A few Kitanemuks living at Tejon Ranch, others at Tule River Reservation |
| Year | Population | Source |
| 750 | Balckburn and Bean aboriginal estimate | |
| 1700 | 750 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1800 | 700 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1900 | 50 | NAHDB calculation |
| 2000 | 50 | NAHDB calculation |
| Other speakers of the same language: |
| Gabrielino, Serrano |
| Kitanemuk Links |
| Antelope Valley History http://palmdale.lib.ca.us/part1.htm |
| Father Garces in Tehachapi, California www.cybersurfers.net/~vredenb/history/garces.htm |
| History of Fort Tejon http://www.angelfire.com/id/newpubs/forttejon.html |
| Serrano Group - SFSU Narrative http://bss.sfsu.edu/calstudies/Native%20Web%20Pages/serrano.html |
| Tonoqui Chaloa Tribal Council http://www.expage.com/page/kita33 |
Copyright © 2000 by Four Directions Institute