Gabrielino
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FOUR DIRECTIONS
INSTITUTE Gabrielino |
| Ethnie: | GABRIELINO |
| Language: | Northern Takic |
| Family: | Takic |
| Stock: | Uto-Aztecan |
| Phylum: | Aztec-Tanoan |
| Macro-Culture: | Chungichnich |
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| The Takic peoples arrived in southern California about 2,500 years ago. All were peaceful hunter/gatherer mountain and desert cultures. The Gabrielino delineation was a result of the Spanish missionization which separated the tribe from the so called Serrano. The Gabrielino herein include the so-called Fernandeño. They occupied the entire Los Angeles basin and along the coast from below Malibu Creek to Aliso Creek, the western San Bernardino Valley to Cucumonga, and Santa Catalina, and San Clemente Islands. They were, however, the apparent hub of the Chungichnich macro-culture with Puvunga (in present Long Beach) being the home of the prophet(s) who introduced the cultural tenets sometime before European arrival. The Gabrielino were destroyed as a culture by missionization, harsh treatment by Spanish overlords, and European introduced diseases. A few descendants remain today. |
| Aboriginal Locations |
| Ahura, Ahau, Akura-nga, Aleupki-nga, Apachia, Asuksa, Awi, Carpenter's, Chokish-nga, Chowi, Cucumonga, Engva, Hahamo, Hout, Hutuk, Isantka-nga, Jaboneria, Kawe, Kinki, Kukamo, La Presa, Lukup, Masou, Mau, Mission Vieja, Moyo, Nakau-nga, Pahav, Pasino, Pavunga, Pear Orchard, Pimoka-nga, Pimu, Pisek, Pubu, Puvunga, Rancho de los Ybarras, San Clemente Island, Sehat, Shua, Siba, Sisitkano-nga, Sona-nga, Tibaha, Toibi |
| Present Locations |
| Absorbed into dominant culture |
| Groups with recognition petitions pending: |
| GABRIELINO/TONGVA NATION, San Gabriel |
| FERNANDEÑO/TATAVIAM TRIBE, Sylmar |
| Year | History |
| 500 BC | Archeological estimate of arrival time, though not first residents of area |
| 1520 | Spanish explorers visited Santa Catalina Island |
| 1542 | Contact with Cabrillo |
| 1602 | Viscaino received peacefully by Indians |
| 1769 | Portola arrived via land route |
| 1771 | Mission San Gabriel Arcangel founded |
| 1781 | Pueblo de Los Angeles founded |
| 1785 | Revolt under medicine woman Toypurina |
| 1797 | Mission San Fernando Rey España founded |
| 1821 | Much of tribe indentured to Mexican feudal barons |
| 1840 | Smallpox epidemic |
| 1842 | Gold discovered in Placerita Canyon |
| 1850 | Gabrielino company recruited by Mexico for war with United States |
| 1860 | Smallpox epidemic |
| 1973 | Some residents of city of San Gabriel claimed Gabrielino descendance |
| Year | Population | Source |
| 1700 | 5,000 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1770 | 5,000 | Kroeber estimate |
| 1800 | 4,000 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1900 | 50 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1910 | 0 | Kroeber estimate |
| 2000 | 50 | NAHDB projection |
| Other speakers of the same language: |
| Kitanemuk, Serrano |
Copyright © 2000 by Four Directions Institute