Costanoan
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FOUR DIRECTIONS
INSTITUTE Costanoan |
| Ethnie: | COSTANOAN (OHLONE) |
| Language: | Costanoan |
| Family: | Utian |
| Stock: | Penutian |
| Phylum: | Macro-Penutian |
| Macro-Culture: | Kuksu |
| x |
| The Costanoans were a sedentary hunter/gatherer language group of the central California coast. They were located along the coast between San Francisco Bay and the Salinas River and inland to the Mt. Diablo Range. The ethnie was destroyed by the abuses of missionization and the White influx after the gold rush. Many absorbed into other cultures. Descendants of others remain in small unrecognized groups today. |
| Aboriginal Locations |
| Dialects (Number of villages) Northern (23), Southern (13) |
| Interim Locations |
| Monterey, San Francisco, San Juan Bautista, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Soledad |
| Groups With Recognition Petitions Pending |
| AMAH BAND OF OHLONE/COSTANOAN INDIANS, Woodside |
| COSTANOAN BAND OF CARMEL MISSION INDIANS, Monrovia |
| COSTANOAN OHLONE RUMSEN-MUTSEN TRIBE, Watsonville |
| COSTANOAN-RUMSEN CARMEL TRIBE, Chino |
| INDIAN CANYON BAND OF COSTANOAN. MUTSUN INDIANS, Hollister |
| OHLONE/COSTANOAN - ESSELEN NATION |
| OHLONE/COSTANOAN MUWEKMA TRIBE, San Jose |
| Year | History |
| 500 | Archeological and linguistic estimate of arrival to present San Francisco |
| 1602 | Sebastian Viscaino arrived at Monterey |
| 1769 | San Francisco Bay discovered by Sgt. Jose de Ortega |
| 1770 | Mission San Carlos Borromeo established at Carmel |
| 1776 | Presidio of San Francisco dedicated and Mission San Francisco de Assisi founded |
| 1777 | Respiratory epidemic; Mission Santa Clara de Assisi and Pueblo de San Jose established |
| 1791 | Mission Santa Cruz established |
| 1793 | Native uprising in San Francisco |
| 1797 | Mission San Jose de Guadalupe and San Juan Bautista established |
| 1800 | Uprising at Mission San Jose |
| 1802 | Pneumonia and diphtheria epidemics |
| 1863 | Carmel band removed south to Chino |
| Year | Population | Source |
| 1700 | 7,000 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1770 | 7,000 | Kroeber estimate |
| 1800 | 3000 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1848 | 1,000 | Cook estimate |
| 1852 | 900 | Cook estimate |
| 1880 | 300 | Cook estimate |
| 1900 | 50 | NAHDB calculation |
| 2000 | 250 | NAHDB calculation |
| Other speakers of the same language: |
| None |
| Costanoan Sites |
| Costanoan Ohlone Indian Canyon Resource http://www.rahunzi.com/costano/index.html |
| Costanoan Ohlone Indians http://santacruz.about.com/citiestowns/caus/santacruz/library/weekly/aa091898.htm |
| Costanoan Tribe (student project) http://www.nhusd.k12.ca.us/Hillview/rooms/r31/costanoan.html |
| Early History of San Francisco to Big Sur http://www.carmelvalley.com/cvbin/history.html |
| The Muwekma Ohlone http://www.muwekma.org/index.html |
| Ohlone http://www.qal.berkeley.edu/~kroeber/iup.ca.ind/ohlone_index.html |
| Native History - Golden Gate National Recreation Area http://www.nps.gov/prsf/prsfphot/ohlone.htm |
| Ohlone/Costanoan Esselen Nation http://www.talamasca.org/esselen/ |
| Ohlone Indians http://www.belmont.gov/hist/disc/ohlone.html |
| Soledad Mission (student project) http://www.cuca.k12.ca.us/lessons/missions/Soledad/NuestraSenoraDeLaSoledad.html |
| Copyright © 2000 by Four Directions Institute |